{"id":7021,"date":"2026-08-20T11:32:11","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T15:32:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/?p=7021"},"modified":"2026-08-24T11:34:53","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T15:34:53","slug":"using-the-saint-johns-bible-in-primary-source-instruction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/2026\/08\/20\/using-the-saint-johns-bible-in-primary-source-instruction\/","title":{"rendered":"Using <em>The Saint John\u2019s Bible<\/em> in Primary Source Instruction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-heading-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">There\u2019s a class of twelve history students in an upper-level capstone class visiting the library. Many of them have been in a special collection or archive before, so the experience of stepping into a room full of old books isn\u2019t as novel to them as it might be as a group of first years. Still, I do my best to wow them: a 1566 book on German history, written in Latin; a first edition of Virginia Woolf\u2019s <em>The Waves<\/em>; a 1608 Vulgate Bible in French; <em>The Girl\u2019s Own Annual<\/em> from the 1920s, with delightful anecdotes on the best way to prepare roast hare. These books feel appropriately historical, and they would make interesting capstone projects for the right student. While this is typically where I focus a library session on primary sources, during this class I decide to bring out a set of books owned by the university that aren\u2019t, technically speaking, historical. But to my surprise, it is <em>these<\/em> books that have the students gasping in awe; many stay long after class is over to pore over the pages and ask questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the table are the enormous volumes of <em>The<\/em> <em>Saint John\u2019s Bible <\/em>Heritage Edition<em>,<\/em> a seven-volume facsimile version of the modern illuminated Bible. <a href=\"https:\/\/saintjohnsbible.org\/\"><em>The Saint John\u2019s Bible<\/em> (SJB)<\/a> is a project that began in 1998 and took fifteen years to complete. Commissioned by the Benedictine monks of Saint John\u2019s Abbey in Collegeville, Minnesota, and directed by calligrapher Donald Jackson, the Bible was created with the intention of reviving an ancient tradition that has been nearly forgotten since Gutenberg\u2019s invention of movable type. The original 1998 Bible was created using traditional quills from either turkeys, swans, or geese. The pages were prepared using calfskin vellum, and the illumination done with gold leaf and pigments. While the original remains in its home at Saint John\u2019s Abbey, our copy of the Heritage Edition is just one of 299 identical reproductions (created under the guidance of Donald Jackson and his team) to ensure an accurate and faithful recreation of the original manuscript. Although it is a contemporary work, <em>The<\/em> <em>Saint John\u2019s Bible<\/em> offers a powerful entry point for teaching book history, allowing students to explore medieval manuscript production, scribal practices, and the material experience of reading through an object that remains accessible, touchable, and immediately legible to modern audiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Figs-01-02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"859\" height=\"535\" src=\"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Figs-01-02.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 1 (Left) The Birth of Christ, frontispiece to the Gospel of Luke. Artwork by Donald Jackson. Figure 2 (Right) Elijah and the Fiery Chariot (2 Kings 2). Artwork by Donald Jackson.\" class=\"wp-image-7035\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Figs-01-02.jpg 859w, https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Figs-01-02-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Figs-01-02-768x478.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Figs-01-02-400x250.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 859px) 100vw, 859px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 1 <\/strong>(Left) <em>The Birth of Christ<\/em>, frontispiece to the Gospel of Luke. Artwork by Donald Jackson. <strong>Figure 2 <\/strong>(Right) <em>Elijah and the Fiery Chariot<\/em> (2 Kings 2). Artwork by Donald Jackson.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-heading-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The importance of teaching with medieval manuscripts is well-studied, but <em>The Saint John\u2019s Bible<\/em> is a bit of a phenomenon, and that means there haven\u2019t been many (if any) discussions at all about the ways it can be used as a tool for teaching book history. The response from this class of history students suggests that it has great potential in a classroom setting, especially as an entry point for questions related to the history of the book and the comparison to medieval Bibles. Students asked several questions that spurred in-depth conversations amongst the class, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How long did it take for the scribe to complete one page?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How is calfskin vellum made?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What happens if a scribe made a mistake?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is gold leaf really made of gold?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How were the pages laid out?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How did the creative team decide what to illuminate?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is this Bible used for?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What originally began as a sneaky way to add more interesting materials to a library session turned into an in-depth study of <em>The Saint John\u2019s Bible<\/em> and, resultingly, <em>medieval<\/em> book production. Take, for example, the question: \u201cWhat happens if a scribe made a mistake?\u201d As shown in Figure 3, \u201cThe Parable of the Sower and the Seed\u201d in the New Testament\u2019s Gospels and Acts, the original scribe forgot to insert one of the lines. Rewriting the entire page would equate to roughly twelve hours of wasted time (not to mention wasted vellum). Donald Jackson went to great lengths to ensure there was enough vellum to complete the project. There was no room for wasted pages, so the artistic team decided to transform the mistake into a moment of artistic creativity. In Figure 3, we can see the missing line at the bottom of the page being carried to the correct line by the pigeon, its beak pointing to the place where it should be. The medieval scribe would have encountered a similar dilemma. Medieval manuscripts are rife with examples of scribal errors: repeated lines, skipped words, or incorrect transcriptions. These skins wouldn\u2019t have been wasted, but mistakes would be scraped off or reinvented. Using these two examples of the medieval and the modern was the perfect way for students to gain a better understanding of book history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fig.-03-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"757\" height=\"754\" src=\"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fig.-03-3.jpg\" alt=\"Scribal correction in Mark 4:3\u20139. Scribed by Sally Mae Joseph.\" class=\"wp-image-7037\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fig.-03-3.jpg 757w, https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fig.-03-3-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fig.-03-3-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fig.-03-3-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 757px) 100vw, 757px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 3<\/strong> Scribal correction in Mark 4:3\u20139. Scribed by Sally Mae Joseph.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-heading-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">The illuminations also proved to be moments of great interest for the students. Not only were they fixated on the beauty of each illumination\u2013\u2013the striking colours, the shining gold, and the mixture of modern and iconographic images\u2013\u2013they were drawn to <em>touching<\/em> as well as looking at the images. As they flipped through the pages, I talked with them about medieval peoples\u2019 experiences with book handling, particularly those worn places on old books that indicate repeated use\u2013\u2013dirty pages from fingerprints or, in some cases, where people might have kissed the images.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), our eyes are no longer reliable judges of what is real and what is fabricated; touch, however, remains physical\u2014it cannot be digitized or uploaded. As Nolan writes, \u201cThe human sense through which aura manifests itself is that of touch, because touch is the most intimate human sensation as well as the most destructive.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> While the initial reaction from students to seeing a rare book is that it <em>cannot<\/em> be touched, the creators of the SJB encouraged touch, and so do I. The students are drawn to the gold, and we discuss the way in which the SJB team used gold to signal the divine; the medieval illuminator, too, would know that these manuscripts were \u201calready sacred objects channelling the hallowed word of God, but the gold added a further layer of spiritual connection, with the dazzling shine distilling the wisdom of the holy words into the reader.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fig.-04.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"472\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fig.-04.jpg\" alt=\"Word Made Flesh, frontispiece to the Gospel of John. Artwork by Donald Jackson.\" class=\"wp-image-7026\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fig.-04.jpg 472w, https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Fig.-04-206x300.jpg 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Figure 4. <\/strong><em>Word Made Flesh<\/em>, frontispiece to the Gospel of John. Artwork by Donald Jackson.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are just two examples of the different discussions that took place during this library session. Teaching with <em>The Saint John\u2019s Bible<\/em> allows students to experience what an illuminated manuscript would have looked like for a medieval monk, the nobleman, or king when the book was newly produced\u2013\u2013the striking illuminations in brilliant gold leaf, those little mistakes and places of humanness which make them compelling to the modern reader. Being in proximity to a five-hundred-year-old book, while awe-inspiring, can feel almost difficult to comprehend. It\u2019s hard to imagine the medieval monk writing with a quill in a scriptorium for hours, or the medieval hands that would have turned each page, but it\u2019s very possible to imagine a team of modern scribes, calligraphers, printers, and illuminators coming together to plan this massive creative project. It\u2019s almost incomprehensible in an age of AI, digital writing tools, and the onslaught of fast-paced, micro-forms of information that someone could spend countless hours writing and make a mistake \u2026 a mistake that cannot be easily corrected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The<\/em> <em>Saint John&#8217;s Bible<\/em> offers students a rare opportunity to encounter the processes, labour, and imperfections that shaped manuscript culture. By connecting a contemporary manuscript project to medieval bookmaking traditions, it renders visible the human choices, mistakes, and acts of creativity that are often hidden behind the finished page. As a teaching tool, it can create a deeper understanding of bookmaking and emphasize the <em>humanness<\/em> of their creation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Image Credits:<\/strong> Figures 1\u20134 are reproduced from <em>The Saint John&#8217;s Bible <\/em>Heritage Edition (Collegeville, MN: Hill Museum &amp; Manuscript Library, 2007). Images courtesy of <a href=\"https:\/\/saintjohnsbible.org\/see-the-bible-ttp\/\"><strong>The Saint John&#8217;s Bible<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Kathryn M. Rudy, \u201cDirty Books: Quantifying Patterns of Use in Medieval Manuscripts Using a Densitometer,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Journal of Historians of Netherlandish Art<\/em>&nbsp;2, nos. 1\u20132 (2010), para. 1, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5092\/jhna.2010.2.1.1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5092\/jhna.2010.2.1.1<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Maura Nolan, \u201cMedieval Habit, Modern Sensation: Reading Manuscripts in the Digital Age,\u201d&nbsp;<em>The Chaucer Review<\/em>&nbsp;47, no. 4 (2013): 471,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5325\/chaucerrev.47.4.0465\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5325\/chaucerrev.47.4.0465<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Sara J. Charles,&nbsp;<em>The Medieval Scriptorium: Making Books in the Middle Ages<\/em>&nbsp;(Reaktion Books, 2024), 195.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There\u2019s a class of twelve history students in an upper-level capstone class visiting the library. Many of them have been in a special collection or archive before, so the experience of stepping into a room full of old books isn\u2019t as novel to them as it might be as a group of first years. Still, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4433,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"wp-custom-template-post-template-classroom","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1882,1975,1981],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-classroom","category-pedagogical-tools","category-reflections-on-pedagogy"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7021"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7021\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7054,"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7021\/revisions\/7054"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sharpweb.org\/sharpnews\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}